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STD X-Science 2 Environmental management/Need of environmental conservation/Short Notes

Title : Environmental Management

Maharashtra state board solutions for class 10 SSC board science part STD X-Science 2 Environmental management

 Know everything about; Ecosystem and environmental management .Maharashtra state board class 10 SSC .Get detailed Questions and answers for chapter 2 Science , environmental management Need of environmental conservation, part 3

 

SHORT NOTES

Need of environmental conservation

 Q.1) Write a short note on environmental conservation.

 Answer: all the developed, developing and underdeveloped countries have accepted the responsibility of environmental protection.It will be possible to answer the environmental problems only if environmental protection-conservation becomes an effective public movement. For this purpose, values like positive attitude and affection towards environment, knowledge about it, etc. should be inculcated among the children since their childhood. This will help to make the future generations more aware about environmental conservation and protection. So as to achieve this, it is necessary to increase the awareness through education.

Q.2) How is environmental conservation our social responsibility?

Answer: Since existence of human, there is interrelationship between human and environment. Human stepped on the Earth long after formation of Earth. On the Earth, human being proved its superiority as compared to other animals with the help of characters like intelligence, memory, imaginary ability, etc. Human established domination over the nature. Human utilized all the natural resources as much as possible. In an attempt to live a satisfactory life, human kept on snatching form the nature as much as possible and this lead to increase in problems. From this entire scenario, we can understand that human has crucial role in maintaining the environmental balance. If human has disturbed the environmental balance, then human itself only can conserve and improve the quality of nature. Many times, general public is unknown that its activities are harmful to environment and thereby unknowingly many activities happen.

Q.3) How do butterflies contribute to environmental balance?

Answer: Butterflies help in pollination of flowering plants so that they can reproduce. Butterflies are an important element of food chain as being prey of many insects and animals. They also help in controlling the unwanted plants by feeding on them. Butterflies also help in research work to study different environmental aspects by watching them adjust in different environments.

 **Q.4) What are the different laws and act enacted to protect the environment?

 Answer: Laws enacted about environmental conservation: Forest Conservation Act, 1980. The land reserved for forest conservation has been prohibited to use for any other purpose by this law. Ex. Permission of central government is compulsory for mining activities. Any person who disobeys this law is entitled to imprisonment for 15 days. Environmental Conservation Act, 1986. Purpose of this act is to control the pollution and punish the persons or institutes harming the environment. Any person or factory is prohibited by this act from releasing the pollutants in atmosphere beyond a permissible limit. The person breaching this rule is entitled for either five year imprisonment or fine up to Rs. 1 lakh. National Green Tribunal has been established in 2010 for effective implementation of environment related laws. Sound Pollution (Control & Prevention) Rule, 2000. Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rule, 1998. E-waste (Management & Handling) Rule, 2011. As per wildlife protection Act 1972 As per clause 49 A, trading of rare animals has been completely banned. As per clause 49 B, use of articles prepared from skin or organs of wild animals has been banned. As per clause 49 C, disclosure of the stock of artifacts made form rare wild animals is compulsory.

 Q.5) Write a short note on Chipko Movement.

 Answer: In the 1970s, an organized resistance to the destruction of forests spread throughout India and came to be known as the Chipko movement. The name of the movement comes from the word 'embrace', as the villagers hugged the trees, and prevented the contractors' from felling them. over the last few centuries many communities in India have helped save nature. One such is the Bishnoi community of Rajasthan. The original ’Chipko movement’ was started around 260 years back in the early part of the 18th century in Rajasthan by this community. A large group of them from 84 villages led by a lady called Amrita Devi laid down their lives in an effort to protect the trees from being felled on the orders of the Maharaja (King) of Jodhpur. After this incident, the maharaja gave 10 a strong royal decree preventing the cutting of trees in all Bishnoi villages. This initiated many such movements in different parts of the country.

Q.6) What is the contribution of Jadav Molai Payeng?

 Answer: large number of snakes died in the flood of Brahmaputra River flowing by the village. As a preventive measure, Molai planted 20 bamboo plantlets. In 1979, the local Social Forestry Department began a social aforestation project on 200 hectares of land. ‘Molai’ was one of the few forest workers who were looking after that project. Molai continued to plant the trees even after completion of the project. As a result of his continuous work of planting and caring for the trees, the barren area witnessed the forest cover over the 1360 acres. Today, this jungle in Kokilamukh of Jorhat district of Assam is the result of the hard work for 30 years. He has been awarded with the prestigious ‘Padmashree’ award by government of India for this unparallel work. Now, it is well known as ‘Molai Jungle’. Many people come together to destroy the forest, but a single person, if determined, can establish a new forest! Jadav Molai Payeng

 Q.7) Define Biodiversity and explain the different types of biodiversity.

 Answer: Biodiversity is the richness of living organisms in nature due to presence of varieties of organisms, ecosystems and genetic variations within a species. Biodiversity occurs at three different levels. Genetic Diversity Occurrence of diversity among the organisms of same species is genetic diversity. Ex. Each human being is different from other. Possibility of wiping out the species arises if there is decrease in the diversity within the species whose members involve in sexual reproduction. Species Diversity Innumerable species of organisms occur 11 in the nature. This is called as species diversity. Species diversity includes various types of plants, animals and microbes. Ecosystem Diversity Many ecosystems are present in each region. Ecosystem is formed through the interaction between plants, animals, their habitat and changes in the environment. Each ecosystem has its own characteristic animals, plants, microbes and abiotic factors. Ecosystems are also of two types are natural and artificial.

 Q.8) Write a short note on Sacred Groves.

Answer: The forest conserved in the name of god and considered to be sacred is called as sacred grove. These are in fact ‘sanctuaries’ conserved by the society and not by the government forest department. As it has been conserved in the name of god, it has special protection. These clusters of thick forests are present not only in Western Ghats of India but in the entire country. More than 13000 sacred groves have been reported in India. Sacred Groves

Q.9) How can biodiversity be conserved?

 Answer: 1. Protecting the rare species of organisms.

 2. Establishing national parks and sanctuaries.

3. Declaring some regions as ‘bioreserves’.

4. Projects for conservation of special species.

5. Conserving all plants and animals.

6. Observing the rules.

7. Maintaining record of traditional knowledge.

 Q.10) Write a note on Green Peace Organization

Answer: Green Peace is world’s largest organization engaged in environmental activities. More than 25 lakh people from 26 different countries are members of this organization.

 Q.11) What are the different hotspots of biodiversity?

 Answer: 34 highly sensitive biodiversity spots are reported all over the world. Such areas had once occupied 15.7% area of the Earth. At present, 86% of the sensitive areas are already destroyed. Presently, only 2.3% area of the Earth has been left over with sensitive spots. It includes 1,50,000 plant species which are 50% of the world count. As far as India is considered, out of 135 species of animals, 85 species are found in the jungles of eastern region. About 1,500 endemic plant species are found in western ghat. Out of the total plant species in the entire world, 50,000 are endemic.

Q.12) Which are the most endangered heritage places of the country?

 Answer: The Western Ghat spread over the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Tamilnadu and Kerala has been endangered due to mining industry and search for natural gas. Habitats of Asiatic lion and wild bison of this region have been under threat. Manas sanctuary of the Assam is under threat due to dams and indiscriminate use of water. Tiger and rhino of that region are under threat. Sunderban sanctuary of West Bengal is reserved for tigers. However, the tiger population and overall local environment is seriously challenged by dams, deforestation, excessive fishing, trenches dug for same, etc.

 Q.13) Collect the names of extinct birds and animals of India and tell those names to others. Answer: Two-horned Rhinoceros, Pink headed duck, Indian Cheetah, Indian Aurochs, Sivatherium are extinct birds and animals of India.

 Q.14) What is the classification of threatened species?

Answer: 1. Endangered Species Either number of these organisms is declined or their habitat is shrunk to such an extent that they can be extinct in near future if conservative measures are not implemented. Example, Lion tailed monkey, lesser florican.

 2. Rare Species Number of these organisms is considerably declined. Organisms of these species being endemic may become extinct very fast. Example, Red panda, Musk deer.

 3. Vulnerable Species Number of these organisms is extremely less and continues to decline. Continuous decline in their number is worrisome reason. Example, Tiger, Lion.

 4. Indeterminate Species These organisms appear to be endangered but due to some behavioural habits (like shyness) there is no definite and substantial information. Example, Giant squirrel (Shekhru). Red Panda Lion-Tailed monkey

Q.15) What is the ‘Red List’?

 Answer: International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) prepares the ‘Red List’ that contains the names of endangered species from different countries. Pink pages of this book contain the names of endangered species while green pages contain the names of previously endangered but presently safe species

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1 Comment
  • kajalyadav@nationalenglishschool.com 2 years, 6 months

    Small and big 😯😯